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How does the Selenium WebDriver work?

Selenium is the most famous open-source tool which is used for automating the tests performed on web browsers. Selenium is specifically used for the execution of test scripts on web apps. And the good thing is that it supports various programming languages like PHP, Ruby, Python, JavaScript, C#, and Java. Since Selenium is open-source, there is no licensing cost implicated, which is a great reward over other testing tools.
Now the question in your mind - why Selenium tool is so popular:
  • Test scripts can be written in programming languages like PHP, .Net, Java, Python, Ruby, C#, & Perl
  • It can be integrated with tools like JUnit & TestNG for managing test cases and to create reports
  • Tests can be carried out in any of these Operating system: Linux, Windows, or Mac
  • Tests can be performed using any browser: Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Safari, Mozilla Firefox. or Opera
  • It can be integrated with Docker, Jenkins & Maven & to complete Continuous Testing
It consists of Selenium IDE, Selenium Webdriver, Selenium RC, and Selenium Grid.
Selenium WebDriver the significant tool of the Selenium suite is a browser automation framework that accepts commands and sends them to a browser. It supports PHP, Java, C#, Perl, Python, Ruby. Because of loads of confines with RC, WebDriver was developed.
How does Selenium WebDriver work?
Automation scripts use Selenium commands to emulate user actions on a website page. When the automation script is implemented, the subsequent steps happen:
  • for every Selenium action or command, an HTTP request is formed and sent to the browser driver
  • the HTTP request is sent to the browser driver
  • the HTTP server determine the steps required to implement the Selenium action that corresponds to the request
  • the HTTP server executes such prior steps on the browser
  • the HTTP server sends back the status to the automation script
The browser driver executed Selenium commands that follow all types of actions that users execute usually on web pages:
  • open a web page
  • click buttons and links
  • navigate through the browser history
  • maximize the browser
  • type text in textboxes
  • get status of web elements
  • get information of web elements (attributes, value, position)
  • select values in lists and dropdown lists

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